# RadCommons > The open, searchable, citation-networked, API-first reference for radiology's *decision corpus*: the classification lexicons, management algorithms, and incidental-finding criteria (BI-RADS, LI-RADS, TI-RADS, Bosniak, Fleischner, PI-RADS, Lung-RADS, O-RADS, BCLC, RECIST, SINS, McDonald, and 121+ systems). An initiative of Laudos.AI. Governing rule: **sourced or blank, never invented.** Every clinical value (criteria, management, risk) traces to a citation with a precise locator, and each system is flagged *current* or *superseded*. RadCommons is a reference, not a medical device; the reporting radiologist remains responsible. 121/121 systems are current; 24 organ areas in scope. ## Markdown for agents (start here) - Append `.md` to any page URL for clean Markdown (e.g. https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bosniak-2019.md). - The whole corpus in one file: https://radcommons.laudos.ai/llms-full.txt - [Home](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/index.md) · [Systems](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems.md) · [Coverage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/coverage.md) · [Changes](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/changes.md) · [Network](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/graph.md) · [Use cases](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/use-cases.md) · [API](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/api-docs.md) ## API (base https://radcommons.laudos.ai) - GET /api/v1/systems — list classification systems (filters: organ, modality, family, status, q) - GET /api/v1/systems/{id} — one system: categories with criteria/management/risk, citation+locator, currency/supersession - GET /api/v1/search?q= — full-text + fuzzy search (abbreviations work) - GET /api/v1/coverage — what is and isn't covered (honest gaps) - GET /api/v1/changes — version/supersession events (also /feed/changes.xml) - GET /api/v1/openapi — OpenAPI 3 document (function/tool calling) - GET|POST /api/v1/context — grounded, cited, currency-flagged context for prompt injection (Bearer key required) - MCP server: `npx -y radcommons-mcp` — radcommons_search, radcommons_get_system, radcommons_ground, radcommons_list_systems, radcommons_coverage. No key needed. ## How to use the data Quote the citation and the locator. Respect the currency flag — never present a superseded version as current. Do not reproduce copyrighted figures/tables; link to the primary source. If a field is blank, it is unsourced — do not fill it from memory. ## Systems ### Adrenal - [ACR Incidental Adrenal — ACR incidental adrenal mass management](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/acr-incidental-adrenal-2017.md): Management pathway for incidentally detected adrenal masses based on imaging features and size. ### Biliary - [Bismuth-Corlette — Modified Bismuth-Corlette classification of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bismuth-corlette.md): Five-type map of longitudinal tumor extension through the primary and right/left secondary biliary confluences. It does not encode vascular invasion, lobar atrophy, nodal or distant disease, future liver remnant, resectability or prognosis and cannot prescribe a resection or drainage route by itself. - [Csendes — Csendes classification of Mirizzi syndrome](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/csendes-mirizzi.md): Classifies Mirizzi syndrome by extrinsic bile-duct compression versus circumferential loss from a cholecystobiliary fistula, then adds cholecystoenteric fistula and gallstone ileus as a type V overlay. - [Todani — Todani classification of congenital bile duct cysts](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/todani.md): Classifies congenital bile duct cysts by the exact intrahepatic, extrahepatic and intraduodenal segments involved; the code must preserve classical subtypes, mapped anatomy, complications and uncertainty without selecting treatment by itself. ### Bladder - [VI-RADS — Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/vi-rads.md): Multiparametric MRI risk stratification of bladder cancer muscle invasion. ### Brain - [ASPECTS — Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aspects.md): A 10 point topographic score of early ischemic change in the middle cerebral artery territory on non-contrast CT. - [Fazekas — Fazekas visual rating of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/fazekas.md): Two separate 0-3 MRI ratings for periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensity burden. Preserve both raw scores and lesion pattern: Fazekas is a burden descriptor, not an etiologic diagnosis, dementia biomarker, individual-risk calculator or grade-only treatment rule. - [Fisher — Original Fisher CT grouping for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/fisher.md): Historical four-group CT blood-distribution system developed to study later cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH. Group 3, not group 4, carried the strongest original association; thick SAH remains group 3 even when ICH or IVH is present. It is not an ordinal injury-severity scale, a current-vasospasm test or a treatment algorithm. - [GCA — Original Pasquier cerebral atrophy regional scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/gca-pasquier.md): Original MRI protocol rates 13 total regional sulcal and ventricular sites from 0 to 3 and sums them to 0-39. A later simplified global 0-3 impression is an adaptation, not the original total. Preserve protocol, regional pattern, asymmetry and modality; GCA does not diagnose Alzheimer disease or prescribe treatment. - [Hunt-Hess — Hunt and Hess clinical grading of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/hunt-hess.md): Time-stamped bedside clinical grade for the presenting condition after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is not derived from CT blood burden, is vulnerable to examination confounding and supplies communication/prognostic context rather than a grade-only treatment algorithm. - [Koedam PA — Koedam posterior atrophy visual rating scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/koedam-pca.md): Bilateral 0-3 visual MRI rating of posterior cingulate and parieto-occipital sulci plus precuneus and parietal-lobe atrophy. Score each side in sagittal, axial and coronal planes and retain the worst plane per side; any bilateral aggregate must be named. Age and asymmetry remain visible, and the scale is neither an Alzheimer biomarker nor a grade-only treatment rule. - [Marshall CT — Original Marshall CT classification of traumatic brain injury](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/marshall-ct.md): Time-stamped six-category traumatic-brain-injury descriptor using visible CT pathology, basal cisterns, midline shift, a greater-than-25-cm3 high- or mixed-density lesion boundary and whether a lesion was surgically evacuated. Categories are nonordinal; V is treatment-defined, and Marshall alone neither captures the complete injury nor predicts an individual outcome or chooses surgery. - [McDonald 2017 — McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (2017 revisions)](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mcdonald-2017.md): Historical 2017 diagnostic algorithm for typical clinically isolated syndrome and progression from onset, integrating clinical attacks, dissemination in space, dissemination in time, and CSF-specific oligoclonal bands. A newer 2024 revision is published and must not be silently mixed into this map. - [Modified Fisher — Modified Fisher CT scale for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/modified-fisher.md): Two-axis admission noncontrast-CT descriptor combining thin versus thick subarachnoid blood with presence versus absence of intraventricular blood. It stratifies population risk of symptomatic vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia; it does not diagnose SAH, detect current vasospasm or prescribe treatment. - [mTICI — Modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction reperfusion grade](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mtici.md): Grades angiographic reperfusion after thrombectomy. - [Rotterdam CT — Rotterdam CT score for traumatic brain injury](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/rotterdam-ct.md): Sums CT features to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury. - [Scheltens MTA — Scheltens medial temporal atrophy visual rating scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/scheltens-mta.md): Per-side 0-4 visual rating of medial temporal atrophy on a correctly oriented coronal T1-weighted image using choroid-fissure width, temporal-horn width and hippocampal height. It describes structural atrophy; it is neither a standalone Alzheimer diagnosis nor a treatment-eligibility rule, and every threshold must name its age, modality, cohort and side-combination protocol. - [Spetzler-Martin — Spetzler-Martin grading of brain arteriovenous malformations](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/spetzler-martin.md): Grades brain AVM surgical risk by size, eloquence of adjacent brain, and venous drainage. - [WFNS SAH — WFNS clinical grading of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/wfns-sah.md): Bedside clinical severity grade derived from the post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale and presence of a major focal neurologic deficit: 1 is GCS 15 without deficit; 2 and 3 share GCS 13-14 and are separated by absence versus presence of deficit; 4 is GCS 7-12; and 5 is GCS 3-6. It is not a CT blood-burden scale, an aneurysm-treatment selector, a futility rule or an individualized prognosis. ### Breast - [BI-RADS — Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, 5th edition](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bi-rads-2013.md): Final assessment categories and management for mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. ### Cardiac - [CAC — Coronary artery calcium (Agatston) categories](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/cac-agatston.md): Risk categories based on the Agatston coronary artery calcium score. - [CAD-RADS — Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System v2.0](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/cad-rads.md): Standardized reporting of coronary CT angiography by maximal stenosis, plaque burden, ischemia and modifiers. - [TIMI flow — Original TIMI epicardial coronary flow grade](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/timi-flow.md): Per-vessel, per-timepoint qualitative grade of epicardial coronary contrast entry, distal-bed opacification and clearance on invasive angiography. It is not the TIMI ACS risk score, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade, myocardial blush grade, corrected TIMI frame count or cerebral mTICI, and it cannot diagnose the mechanism, quantify tissue perfusion, select therapy or predict an individual's outcome by itself. ### Chest - [CO-RADS — COVID-19 Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/co-rads.md): Level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 on chest CT. - [Fleischner — Fleischner Society 2017 pulmonary nodule guidelines](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/fleischner-2017.md): Management recommendations for incidentally detected pulmonary nodules on CT, organized by nodule type (solid, subsolid) and size, for patients 35 and older without known cancer or immunosuppression. - [Lung-RADS — Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lung-rads-2022.md): Structured assessment categories and management for low dose CT lung cancer screening. - [RSNA COVID — RSNA chest CT reporting categories for acute COVID-19 pneumonia](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/rsna-covid.md): Standardizes the typicality of acute chest CT patterns potentially attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia. It is a communication lexicon, not a viral diagnostic test, severity score, screening indication or post-COVID follow-up framework. - [UIP HRCT — ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT HRCT pattern classification for usual interstitial pneumonia](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/uip-ct-2018.md): Classifies one technically adequate HRCT as UIP, probable UIP, indeterminate for UIP, or suggestive of an alternative diagnosis. The pattern is morphology, not etiology: UIP can occur outside idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and no category alone diagnoses IPF, predicts an individual course, orders biopsy, or starts antifibrotic therapy. ### Colon - [C-RADS — CT Colonography Reporting and Data System version 2023](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/c-rads.md): Current CT-colonography reporting framework with separate colorectal C and extracolonic E axes. The active colorectal map is C0, C1, C2a, C2b, C3 and C4: C0 is nonassessable rather than low risk; C2a and C2b encode different findings and follow-up logic; and C4 is imaging suspicion rather than histology or pathologic stage. - [Modified Hinchey — Kaiser CT-modified Hinchey classification of acute diverticulitis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/hinchey.md): Six-category CT and clinical severity map from stage 0 through IV: mild disease, confined inflammation, local or distant abscess, and generalized purulent or fecal peritonitis. Name this Kaiser modification and keep it separate from original operative Hinchey and WSES CT stages; the code alone does not prescribe treatment. - [St James — St James University Hospital classification of perianal fistula](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/stjames-fistula.md): Grades perianal fistulas on MRI by anatomy and complications. ### Gastrointestinal - [Borrmann — Borrmann classification of advanced gastric carcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/borrmann.md): Classifies advanced gastric carcinoma by macroscopic morphology. - [MaRIA — Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity for Crohn disease](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/maria-crohn.md): Continuous segmental MR-enterography activity index for ileocolonic Crohn disease using wall thickness, noise-corrected relative contrast enhancement, mural edema and ulceration. The validated segmental thresholds are nested (7 or more active; 11 or more severe/ulcerative), do not apply to the global sum and cannot select treatment or replace complication reporting. - [Siewert — Siewert classification of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/siewert.md): Classifies adenocarcinoma by location relative to the gastroesophageal junction. ### Head and Neck - [NI-RADS — ACR Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/ni-rads.md): Post-definitive-treatment surveillance framework assigning primary-site and neck categories separately: 0 incomplete, 1 no evidence, 2 low suspicion with primary 2a/2b branches, 3 high suspicion and 4 proven or definite progression. P-x/N-x and unknown-primary states are qualifiers, not ordinal scores. The category supports standardized next-step communication but does not diagnose recurrence, collapse P and N, or supply a universal patient-level recurrence probability. ### Kidney - [AAST Kidney OIS — AAST Kidney Organ Injury Scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aast-kidney.md): Current per-kidney grade I-V traumatic renal injury scale using the highest imaging, operative or pathologic finding. The 2025 revision adds explicit laceration and hematoma measurements, separates contained vascular injury from active bleeding, regrades collecting-system injury, defines pararenal hematoma and multifragmented kidney, and does not prescribe treatment from grade alone. - [Bosniak — Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, version 2019](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bosniak-2019.md): Classification of cystic renal masses into classes by likelihood of malignancy. - [VUR — Vesicoureteral reflux grading](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/vur-reflux.md): Grades vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrography. ### Liver - [AAST Liver — AAST Liver Organ Injury Scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aast-liver.md): Current grade I-V anatomic liver-trauma scale using the highest imaging, operative or pathologic finding across hematoma, laceration, parenchymal disruption, contained or free active bleeding and juxtahepatic venous injury. Hemodynamic status, associated injuries and resources remain separate management axes; grade alone neither mandates operation nor supplies an individual outcome probability. - [BCLC — Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bclc.md): Stages hepatocellular carcinoma by tumor burden, liver function, and performance status to guide treatment and prognosis. - [CEUS LI-RADS — Contrast-enhanced ultrasound LI-RADS](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/li-rads-ceus.md): Categorization of liver observations on contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients at risk for HCC. - [Couinaud — Couinaud liver segmentation with Brisbane terminology](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/couinaud.md): Localizes liver parenchyma by portal territories and intersegmental hepatic-vein planes into segments I-VIII, with segment IV optionally resolved as IVa and IVb. - [LI-RADS — Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, CT/MRI v2018](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/li-rads-ct-mri-2018.md): Categorization of liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma using major imaging features. - [LI-RADS TR — LI-RADS Treatment Response](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/li-rads-tr.md): Assesses response of treated HCC observations after locoregional therapy. - [Milan — Classic Milan criteria for liver-transplant selection in hepatocellular carcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/milan-criteria.md): Binary tumor-burden selection boundary: one HCC 5 cm or smaller, or two to three HCCs each 3 cm or smaller, with no macrovascular invasion and no extrahepatic spread. It is not identical to OPTN T2, not automatic transplant eligibility or MELD exception, and not a patient-specific survival estimate; current use must preserve pretreatment and residual viable burden, AFP, liver function, performance status, contraindications and jurisdictional transplant policy. ### Musculoskeletal - [ARCO — 2019 revised ARCO staging of osteonecrosis of the femoral head](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/arco.md): Per-hip stage I-IV framework for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A subchondral or necrotic-zone fracture is the decisive stage-II/III boundary; lesion size and location, symptoms, age and patient goals remain separate inputs and must not be inferred from the stage. - [Bone-RADS — Bone Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bone-rads.md): Management categories for incidentally detected solitary bone lesions on CT and MRI. - [Ficat — Ficat classification of avascular necrosis of the femoral head](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/ficat.md): Stages osteonecrosis of the femoral head. - [Frykman — Frykman classification of distal radius fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/frykman.md): Two-axis morphology label based on radiocarpal and distal-radioulnar joint involvement plus an associated distal-ulna or ulnar-styloid fracture; type numbers are not an ordinal severity or treatment scale. - [Garden — Garden classification of femoral neck fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/garden.md): Classifies intracapsular femoral neck fractures by displacement. - [Gartland — Gartland classification of supracondylar humerus fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/gartland.md): Classifies pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures by displacement. - [Gustilo-Anderson — Gustilo-Anderson classification of open fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/gustilo-anderson.md): Grades open (compound) fractures by wound size, soft-tissue injury, contamination, and vascular status to guide antibiotics and predict infection. - [Hawkins — Hawkins classification of talar neck fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/hawkins-talus.md): Classifies talar neck fractures by associated joint dislocation, predicting avascular necrosis risk. - [Judet-Letournel — Judet-Letournel classification of acetabular fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/letournel-acetabulum.md): Per-hemipelvis acetabular fracture classification into five elementary and five associated patterns using column, wall and transverse-component anatomy on pelvic radiographs and CT; the pattern supports approach planning but does not encode hip stability or operative indication by itself. - [Kellgren-Lawrence — Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading of osteoarthritis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/kellgren-lawrence.md): Ordinal radiographic osteoarthritis morphology based on osteophytes, joint-space loss, subchondral sclerosis and bone-end deformity. The grade must be tied to a named joint, side, compartment, projection and description/atlas lineage; it does not diagnose symptomatic osteoarthritis, identify a pain generator or prescribe treatment. - [Lauge-Hansen — Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lauge-hansen.md): Classifies ankle fractures by mechanism of injury. - [Lodwick — Original Lodwick grading of lytic bone-lesion growth rate](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lodwick.md): Sequential conventional-radiograph algorithm for an evidently lytic bone lesion using destruction pattern and geographic-margin subtype, cortical penetration, complete sclerotic rim and expanded shell. It estimates relative growth/aggressiveness, not histology, malignancy certainty or a treatment order. - [Mason — Mason classification of radial head fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mason.md): Classifies radial head fractures by displacement and comminution. - [Mirels — Mirels scoring for impending pathologic fracture](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mirels.md): Scores risk of pathologic fracture in long bone metastases. - [Myerson Lisfranc — Original Myerson-modified Hardcastle classification of Lisfranc fracture-dislocations](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/myerson-lisfranc.md): Per-foot morphology classification of displaced tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocations into total incongruity, medial or lateral partial incongruity, and partial or total divergence. The original five-pattern system communicates displacement topology but does not encode subtle-injury stability, ligament integrity, treatment indication or prognosis by itself. - [Neer — Neer classification of proximal humerus fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/neer.md): Classifies proximal humerus fractures by displaced parts. - [Outerbridge — Outerbridge classification of articular cartilage lesions](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/outerbridge.md): Grades one articular-cartilage lesion by direct visual and tactile morphology from softening through exposed subchondral bone. MRI use is an adaptation and must retain its modality and operational thresholds. - [Pauwels — Pauwels classification of femoral neck fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/pauwels.md): Classifies femoral neck fractures by the angle of the fracture line from the horizontal, predicting shear and nonunion risk. - [Risser — Risser sign of skeletal maturity](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/risser.md): Grades skeletal maturity from iliac apophysis ossification (US convention). - [Salter-Harris — Salter-Harris classification of physeal fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/salter-harris.md): Classifies fractures involving the growth plate in skeletally immature patients. - [Sanders — Sanders classification of calcaneal fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/sanders.md): Classifies intra-articular calcaneal fractures on coronal CT. - [Schatzker — Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/schatzker.md): Classifies tibial plateau fractures by pattern and complexity. - [Tile — Tile classification of pelvic ring injuries](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/tile-pelvis.md): Classifies pelvic ring injuries by stability. - [Tönnis — Tönnis grading of hip osteoarthritis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/tonnis-hip.md): Grades hip osteoarthritis radiographically. - [Weber — Weber (Danis-Weber) classification of fibular ankle fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/weber.md): Per-ankle label determined only by the fibular fracture level relative to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis: A below, B at and C above. The type does not by itself prove syndesmotic or deltoid integrity, mortise stability, prognosis or need for surgery; report those findings independently. - [Young-Burgess — Young and Burgess classification of pelvic ring injuries](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/young-burgess.md): Classifies pelvic ring injuries by mechanism. ### Oncology - [Ann Arbor — Ann Arbor staging of lymphoma (Cotswolds/Lugano-modified)](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/ann-arbor.md): Stages lymphoma by anatomic distribution of nodal and extranodal involvement, with A/B/E/S/X modifiers. - [Choi — Choi CT response criteria for GIST treated with targeted therapy](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/choi-gist.md): Per-timepoint response assessment for GIST on comparable contrast-enhanced CT, combining the sum of target-lesion diameters, target attenuation and progression morphology such as a new nodule within a treated mass. - [Deauville 5PS — Deauville five-point FDG-PET scale for lymphoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/deauville.md): Lesion-level visual FDG-uptake score relative to mediastinal blood pool and liver: 1 no uptake, 2 at or below mediastinum, 3 above mediastinum but at or below liver, 4 moderately above liver and 5 markedly above liver and/or new lymphoma-consistent sites. X is a nonordinal qualifier for uptake unlikely to be lymphoma. Response requires baseline change, timepoint and patient-level synthesis; a score alone is not progression, a treatment order or an individualized prognosis. - [iRECIST — iRECIST for immunotherapy-trial response data](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/irecist.md): Protocol-defined patient-level response data framework for immunotherapy trials. It starts from RECIST 1.1, separates new-lesion burden, and introduces unconfirmed and confirmed progression states. It is not a validated bedside response criterion, a diagnosis of pseudoprogression or an autonomous instruction to continue or stop treatment. - [Lugano — Lugano classification for lymphoma response](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lugano.md): Assesses lymphoma staging and treatment response. - [mRECIST — Modified RECIST for hepatocellular carcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mrecist.md): Assesses HCC treatment response using viable (enhancing) tumor. - [PERCIST — PERCIST 1.0 metabolic response criteria for solid tumors](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/percist.md): Patient-level FDG PET response using protocol-comparable SULpeak measurements of the hottest evaluable tumor plus whole-study review for new or unequivocally progressive disease. - [RANO 2.0 — RANO 2.0 response criteria for adult gliomas](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/rano.md): Adult glioma response framework integrating standardized MRI, bidimensional or prespecified volumetric tumor burden, enhancement phenotype, corticosteroid dose, clinical status and confirmation rules for pseudoprogression. - [RECIST 1.1 — Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours v1.1](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/recist-1-1.md): Patient-level anatomic response assessment using a fixed target-lesion set, unidimensional diameter sums, qualitative non-target review and explicit new-lesion and evaluability rules. ### Ovary/Adnexa - [GI-RADS — Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/gi-rads.md): Five-category transvaginal-ultrasound framework for one adnexal mass, combining pattern recognition, a count of defined suspicious features and estimated malignancy bands. Preserve the original GI-RADS definitions and risk ranges; do not translate a category number into O-RADS, IOTA ADNEX or a treatment order. - [O-RADS MRI — Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System, MRI](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/o-rads-mri.md): MRI risk stratification of adnexal lesions. - [O-RADS US — Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System, ultrasound](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/o-rads-us-2020.md): Ultrasound risk stratification and management of adnexal lesions. ### Pancreas - [AAST Pancreas — AAST Pancreas Organ Injury Scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aast-pancreas.md): Current grade I-V anatomic pancreatic-trauma scale replacing the 1990 location-heavy map. Grade I is edema or contusion without laceration; II has intact duct or a shallow uninvestigated laceration/hematoma; III and IV stratify injuries at the 50% depth and portal-vein/SMV boundaries with N/A/B duct subgrades; V is destructive nonviable head injury with A-D pancreatobiliary subgrades. CT appearance alone may not establish main-duct integrity, and grade does not autonomously prescribe treatment or prognosis. - [ACR Incidental Pancreatic Cyst — ACR incidental pancreatic cyst management](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/acr-incidental-panc-cyst-2017.md): Management pathway for incidentally detected pancreatic cysts based on size and worrisome features. - [Balthazar CTSI — Balthazar grade and original CT Severity Index for acute pancreatitis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/balthazar-ctsi.md): Combines Balthazar morphologic grade A-E (0-4 points) with the extent of nonenhancing pancreatic necrosis on contrast-enhanced CT (0, 2, 4 or 6 points) into an original CTSI total of 0-10. - [Cambridge — Cambridge classification of chronic pancreatitis morphology](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/cambridge-pancreatitis.md): Grades chronic-pancreatitis morphology from normal through marked using a ductal ERCP/MRCP branch and an APA CT/MRI/US adaptation; modality must be retained because cross-sectional imaging alone cannot reliably separate every intermediate grade. - [Fukuoka IPMN — Fukuoka international consensus imaging features for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/fukuoka-ipmn.md): Stratifies pancreatic IPMN by worrisome features and high-risk stigmata on cross-sectional imaging to guide surveillance versus resection. - [Modified CTSI (mCTSI) — Modified CT Severity Index for acute pancreatitis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/mortele-ctsi.md): Contrast-enhanced-CT index that adds pancreatic inflammation (0, 2 or 4), necrosis (0, 2 or 4) and one noncumulative extrapancreatic-complication term (0 or 2) into an even total from 0 to 10. The valid bands are mild 0-2, moderate 4-6 and severe 8-10; it is not the original Balthazar CTSI, does not equal Revised Atlanta clinical severity and cannot select treatment by itself. - [PDAC resectability — Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma anatomic resectability classification](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/panc-ca-resectability.md): Records a complete, versioned tumor-vessel and metastatic observation vector before assigning resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, or metastatic PDAC. Anatomic category is distinct from TNM stage, biologic risk, performance status and operability; it neither guarantees nor permanently excludes resection and cannot choose upfront surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, systemic therapy or palliation without multidisciplinary context. - [Revised Atlanta — Revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/atlanta-pancreatitis.md): Time-dependent acute-pancreatitis framework separating the clinical three-grade severity axis from interstitial versus necrotizing morphology and four collection types. Diagnosis requires two of three clinical, laboratory or imaging criteria; organ-failure duration must be reassessed before severity is finalized, and the classification itself is not a treatment guideline. ### Pediatric - [Graf — Graf ultrasound classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/graf-ddh.md): Per-hip infant ultrasound classification combining a valid standard plane, bony-roof morphology and alpha angle, cartilaginous-roof morphology and beta angle, chronological age, and stress behavior where indicated. - [Herring — Modified Herring lateral pillar classification of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/herring-lcp.md): Per-hip prognostic morphology assigned only on a technically adequate true AP radiograph during the fragmentation stage. The modified system separates A, B, B/C border and C by lateral-pillar height and ossification; age at onset remains an independent input, and the code alone neither diagnoses disease nor prescribes or excludes containment treatment. - [Papile — Papile grading of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/papile-ivh.md): Grades germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage in neonates. ### Prostate - [PI-RADS — Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System v2.1](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/pi-rads-v2-1.md): Assessment of clinically significant prostate cancer likelihood on multiparametric MRI, with the dominant sequence depending on zone. ### Sinonasal - [Lund-Mackay — Lund-Mackay CT staging of chronic rhinosinusitis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lund-mackay.md): Scores paranasal sinus opacification on CT to stage chronic rhinosinusitis, summing paired sinus groups and the ostiomeatal complex to a maximum of 24. ### Skull base - [Keros — Keros classification of olfactory fossa depth](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/keros.md): Side-specific CT classification of olfactory-fossa depth from the vertical height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate: type I up to 3 mm, type II over 3 through 7 mm and type III over 7 mm. Return the continuous measurement and all other skull-base hazards; Keros is one anatomic descriptor, not a complete surgical-risk score or a treatment rule. ### Spine - [Anderson-D'Alonzo — Anderson and D'Alonzo classification of odontoid fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/anderson-dalonzo.md): Classifies fractures of the odontoid process (dens) of C2 by anatomic location into three types. - [AO Spine TL — AO Spine thoracolumbar injury classification and TL AOSIS](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aospine-tl.md): Per-injury thoracolumbar-trauma framework that reports the exact A0-A4, B1-B3 or C morphology, clinical neurologic status N0-N4/NX, continued cord compression when present, and M1/M2 modifiers. TL AOSIS sums morphology, neurology and M1; thresholds of 3 or less, 4-5 and 6 or more are guidance bands, not a letter-only treatment order or calibrated prognosis. - [Bilsky ESCC — Epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC / Bilsky) scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/bilsky-escc.md): Per-level six-category MRI morphology for neoplastic epidural disease, assigned on axial T2 at the site of greatest cord compromise. ESCC supplies the neurologic imaging axis of NOMS; it neither measures mechanical instability nor independently chooses surgery or radiation. - [Denis — Denis three-column classification of spinal injury](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/denis.md): Classifies thoracolumbar fractures by spinal columns involved. - [Genant — Genant visual semiquantitative vertebral fracture grading](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/genant.md): Per-vertebra visual fracture assessment from T4 through L4 using morphology plus anterior, middle or posterior height loss and projected-area loss; morphometry confirms severity but cannot diagnose fracture alone. - [Lenke — Lenke 2D classification of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/lenke.md): Full operative-AIS designation combining curve type 1-6, lumbar modifier A/B/C and thoracic sagittal modifier minus/N/plus from standing and side-bending radiographs. It describes a two-dimensional deformity pattern and assists surgical planning but does not itself establish surgical indication, fusion levels, progression risk or the newer transverse-plane 3D modifiers. - [Meyerding — Meyerding grading of spondylolisthesis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/meyerding.md): Grades vertebral slip by percentage. - [Modic — Modic vertebral endplate marrow changes](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/modic.md): Per-disc-level MRI phenotype of vertebral endplate-adjacent marrow signal: fibrovascular/edematous type 1, fatty type 2 and sclerotic type 3, including mixed patterns. It is a descriptive imaging classification, not proof of infection, a pain generator or a treatment indication. - [Pfirrmann — Pfirrmann grading of lumbar disc degeneration](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/pfirrmann.md): Per-disc lumbar MRI grading that combines T2 structure, nucleus-annulus distinction, signal intensity and disc height; it describes degeneration morphology and does not classify herniation, symptoms or treatment need. - [Schizas — Schizas morphological grading of lumbar central canal stenosis](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/schizas.md): Grades degenerative lumbar central canal narrowing at each level by cauda-equina rootlet, CSF and posterior epidural-fat morphology on axial T2 MRI. It does not grade foraminal stenosis, diagnose symptomatic lumbar stenosis or select surgery by itself. - [SINS — Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/sins.md): Scores six components (one clinical, five radiographic) to grade the mechanical instability of a neoplastic spinal segment and prompt surgical referral. - [SLIC — Subaxial cervical spine Injury Classification and severity scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/slic.md): Scores injury morphology, discoligamentous complex integrity, and neurologic status to grade subaxial cervical spine trauma and guide operative versus nonoperative management. - [TLICS — Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/tlics.md): Per-patient thoracolumbar-trauma score using the highest morphology at the most severely involved level, posterior-ligamentous-complex integrity and the clinical neurologic examination. Totals of 3 or less, 4 and 5 or more are treatment-guidance bands rather than absolute orders or calibrated paralysis, mortality or deformity probabilities. ### Spleen - [AAST Spleen — AAST splenic injury scale](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/aast-spleen.md): Grades splenic injury severity on CT. ### Thyroid - [EU-TIRADS — European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/eu-tirads.md): European ultrasound risk stratification of thyroid nodules. - [K-TIRADS — Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/k-tirads.md): Korean ultrasound risk stratification of thyroid nodules. - [TI-RADS — ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/ti-rads-2017.md): Point based ultrasound risk stratification of thyroid nodules across five feature categories, mapping a total score to a TR level and to biopsy or follow up by size. ### Vascular - [CEAP 2020 — CEAP 2020 classification of chronic venous disorders](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/ceap-venous.md): Per-limb Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic description of lower-extremity chronic venous disorders; the C axis is descriptive and is not a linear severity score. - [DeBakey — DeBakey classification of aortic dissection](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/debakey-dissection.md): Classifies aortic dissection by origin and extent. - [Endoleak — Endoleak classification after EVAR](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/endoleak.md): Classifies persistent aneurysm-sac perfusion after endovascular aneurysm repair by source. - [Fontaine — Fontaine classification of peripheral arterial disease](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/fontaine-pad.md): Stages chronic limb ischemia by symptoms. - [NASCET — NASCET carotid stenosis measurement](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/nascet-carotid.md): Quantifies internal carotid artery stenosis severity. - [Rutherford — Rutherford classification of peripheral arterial disease](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/rutherford-pad.md): Categorizes chronic limb ischemia severity. - [Stanford — Stanford classification of aortic dissection](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/stanford-dissection.md): Classifies aortic dissection by involvement of the ascending aorta.