# Borrmann — Borrmann classification of advanced gastric carcinoma

> Classifies advanced gastric carcinoma by macroscopic morphology.

**Situação:** vigente · **Órgão:** Gastrointestinal · **Órgão emissor:** Gastric pathology consensus · **Versão:** current · **Ano:** 1926

## Procedência e vigência
- Família: léxico
- Tipo de lógica: flat
- Modalidade: CT, Fluoroscopy
- Fonte primária: Song XH, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al.. Prognostic impact of Borrmann classification on advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort from a single institution in western China (2020) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7427284/
- Última verificação: 2026-06-26
- Última checagem: 2026-06-26

## Categorias

| Código | Rótulo | Critérios | Conduta | Risco | Localizador | Verificado |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| I | Type I, polypoid | Polypoid, mass-forming tumor that is sharply demarcated from the adjacent normal mucosa. | — | Grouped with type II as the more favorable category: combined type I and II 3-year and 5-year survival of 67.8% and 57.2% in the cited cohort (the best in that series). | PMC7427284 (Song et al., World J Surg Oncol 2020), 'Classification of advanced gastric cancer according to Borrmann type' section (criteria) and Results (survival); descriptor corroborated by PMC3418539. | ✓ |
| II | Type II, ulcerated with raised margins | Ulcerated carcinoma whose margins are sharply demarcated and raised/elevated, without infiltration into the surrounding wall. | — | Reported jointly with type I (type I plus II): 3-year and 5-year survival of 67.8% and 57.2% in the cited cohort (most favorable group). | PMC7427284, 'Classification of advanced gastric cancer according to Borrmann type' section (criteria) and Results (survival). | ✓ |
| III | Type III, ulcerated and infiltrating | Ulcerated carcinoma with indefinite, ill-defined margins that infiltrates into the surrounding gastric wall. | — | Intermediate-to-poor: 3-year and 5-year survival of 59.0% and 48.5% in the cited cohort (lower than type I plus II); types III and IV are described as showing more aggressive behavior. | PMC7427284, classification section (criteria) and Results/Discussion (survival). | ✓ |
| IV | Type IV, diffusely infiltrating (linitis plastica) | Carcinoma with diffuse infiltration of the gastric wall, in which ulceration is generally not a feature; referred to as linitis plastica when most of the wall is involved (notably in signet-ring-cell carcinoma). | — | Worst prognosis: 3-year and 5-year survival of 37.9% and 28.9% in the cited cohort (lowest in the series). | PMC7427284, classification section and Results/Discussion (survival); linitis plastica equivalence corroborated by PMC3418539, 'Early and advanced gastric carcinoma' section. | ✓ |

### Citações por categoria
- **I**: Song XH, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al.. Prognostic impact of Borrmann classification on advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort from a single institution in western China (2020) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7427284/ · PMC7427284 (Song et al., World J Surg Oncol 2020), 'Classification of advanced gastric cancer according to Borrmann type' section (criteria) and Results (survival); descriptor corroborated by PMC3418539.
- **II**: Song XH, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al.. Prognostic impact of Borrmann classification on advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort from a single institution in western China (2020) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7427284/ · PMC7427284, 'Classification of advanced gastric cancer according to Borrmann type' section (criteria) and Results (survival).
- **III**: Song XH, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al.. Prognostic impact of Borrmann classification on advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort from a single institution in western China (2020) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7427284/ · PMC7427284, classification section (criteria) and Results/Discussion (survival).
- **IV**: Song XH, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al.. Prognostic impact of Borrmann classification on advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort from a single institution in western China (2020) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7427284/ · PMC7427284, classification section and Results/Discussion (survival); linitis plastica equivalence corroborated by PMC3418539, 'Early and advanced gastric carcinoma' section.

## Referências cruzadas
- _fronteira compartilhada_ → [Siewert — Siewert classification of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/siewert.md) — Borrmann grades gastric carcinoma morphology; Siewert localizes gastroesophageal-junction adenocarcinoma.


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> Conteúdo de referência reescrito. Confira a publicação primária vigente. Não é dispositivo médico nem substitui o julgamento clínico. O radiologista responsável pelo laudo permanece o autor e o responsável.

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