# Pauwels — Pauwels classification of femoral neck fractures

> Classifies femoral neck fractures by the angle of the fracture line from the horizontal, predicting shear and nonunion risk.

**Situação:** vigente · **Órgão:** Musculoesquelético · **Órgão emissor:** Pauwels · **Versão:** 1935 · **Ano:** 1935

## Procedência e vigência
- Família: léxico
- Tipo de lógica: flat
- Modalidade: XR
- Fonte primária: Wikipedia contributors. Pauwel's angle (2026) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwel's_angle
- Última verificação: 2026-06-26
- Última checagem: 2026-06-26

## Categorias

| Código | Rótulo | Critérios | Conduta | Risco | Localizador | Verificado |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| I | Type I (low angle) | Femoral neck fracture line oriented less than 30 degrees from the horizontal on the AP radiograph (Pauwel's angle <30 degrees). | The least vertical, most stable pattern; lowest shear, generally amenable to internal fixation. | Lower fracture-line angle means lower shear stress at the fracture and the lowest nonunion risk of the three grades. | Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type I <30 degrees) and Clinical Use section ('An increasing angle leads to a more unstable fracture and an increase in the shear stress... higher rates of nonunion'). | ✓ |
| II | Type II (intermediate angle) | Fracture line oriented between 30 and 50 degrees from the horizontal (Pauwel's angle 30-50 degrees). | Intermediate obliquity; Pauwels recommended internal fixation for fractures with inclination angles of 30-50 degrees. | Intermediate shear stress and nonunion risk, between types I and III. | Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type II 30-50 degrees) and Clinical Use section (internal fixation recommended for 30-50 degree angles; shear/nonunion rise with angle). | ✓ |
| III | Type III (high/vertical angle) | Vertical fracture line oriented greater than 50 degrees from the horizontal (Pauwel's angle >50 degrees). | Most vertical, least stable pattern; Pauwels recommended valgus osteotomy for inclination angles greater than 50 degrees. | Greatest shear stress at the fracture site and the highest nonunion risk of the three grades. | Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type III >50 degrees) and Clinical Use section (valgus osteotomy for >50 degrees; highest shear and nonunion). | ✓ |

### Citações por categoria
- **I**: Wikipedia contributors. Pauwel's angle (2026) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwel's_angle · Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type I <30 degrees) and Clinical Use section ('An increasing angle leads to a more unstable fracture and an increase in the shear stress... higher rates of nonunion').
- **II**: Wikipedia contributors. Pauwel's angle (2026) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwel's_angle · Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type II 30-50 degrees) and Clinical Use section (internal fixation recommended for 30-50 degree angles; shear/nonunion rise with angle).
- **III**: Wikipedia contributors. Pauwel's angle (2026) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauwel's_angle · Wikipedia 'Pauwel's angle', classification table (type III >50 degrees) and Clinical Use section (valgus osteotomy for >50 degrees; highest shear and nonunion).

## Referências cruzadas
- _fronteira compartilhada_ → [Garden — Garden classification of femoral neck fractures](https://radcommons.laudos.ai/systems/garden.md) — Two femoral neck fracture systems: Pauwels by fracture-line angle (shear/biomechanics), Garden by displacement.


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> Conteúdo de referência reescrito. Confira a publicação primária vigente. Não é dispositivo médico nem substitui o julgamento clínico. O radiologista responsável pelo laudo permanece o autor e o responsável.

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