Hawkins · Musculoesquelético
Sistemas/Musculoesquelético

Hawkins classification of talar neck fractures

vigente

Classifies talar neck fractures by associated joint dislocation, predicting avascular necrosis risk.

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Escala de categorias
IIIIIIIV

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Procedência e vigência

Órgão emissor
Hawkins / Canale-Kelly
Versão
1970 / 1978 (Canale-Kelly)
Ano
1970
Família
léxico
Tipo de lógica
flat
Modalidade
XR, CT
Fonte primária
Classifications in Brief: The Hawkins Classification for Talus Fractures
Última verificação
2026-06-26
Última checagem
2026-06-26

Lógica de decisão

Forma estruturada (flat). Uma futura calculadora a lê; as categorias abaixo são a superfície legível.

Mostrar a lógica estruturada (JSON)
{
  "categories": [
    "I",
    "II",
    "III",
    "IV"
  ]
}

Categorias num relance

Cat.SignificadoCondutaRiscoFonte
I
Type I, nondisplaced
Minimally displaced talar neck fracture line entering the subtalar joint between the middle and posterior facets, with the talus remaining in anatomic position (no subtalar or ankle dislocation).
Nondisplaced pattern; the preserved vascular supply allows the lowest-risk treatment of the four types.Lowest osteonecrosis risk: no cases of avascular necrosis (0%) in Hawkins' original series.
Alton, Patton, Gee, 'Classifications in Brief: The Hawkins Classification for Talus Fractures', Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015 (PMC4523513), type descriptions and AVN-rate text: type I no AVN in original series.
II
Type II, subtalar subluxation/dislocation
Vertical, displaced talar neck fracture with the subtalar joint subluxated or dislocated, but the talus remaining reduced within the ankle (tibiotalar) mortise.
Displaced; warrants reduction and fixation to restore alignment and minimize osteonecrosis risk.Avascular necrosis in about 42% (10 of 24) in Hawkins' original series; roughly 18% in a modern validation study (Halvorson et al., 2013).
PMC4523513, type II description and AVN rates (42% Hawkins original; 18.4% Halvorson validation).
III
Type III, subtalar and ankle dislocation
Displaced talar neck fracture as in type II with the addition of dislocation of the ankle (tibiotalar) joint, so the body is dislocated from both the subtalar and ankle joints.
Highly displaced; urgent reduction and operative fixation, with the highest osteonecrosis risk to counsel.Avascular necrosis in about 91% (20 of 22) in Hawkins' original series; roughly 45% in the modern validation study.
PMC4523513, type III description and AVN rates (91% Hawkins original; 44.7% Halvorson validation).
IV
Type IV, plus talonavicular dislocation
Type added by Canale and Kelly: talar neck fracture with dislocation of the body from the ankle or subtalar joint plus additional dislocation or subluxation of the talar head from the talonavicular joint.
Most severe displacement; operative reduction and fixation of all involved joints.Avascular necrosis in about 52% (37 of 71) in Canale and Kelly's series; roughly 12% in the modern validation study.
PMC4523513, type IV (Canale-Kelly addition) description and AVN rates (52% Canale-Kelly; 12.1% Halvorson validation).

Histórico de versões

DataEventoDetalheSituação
1978-01-01revisedType IV added by Canale and Kelly.confirmado
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